Apple IIc RamExpress II+ The RamExpress II+ Memory Expansion Card adds extra random-access memory (RAM) and Real time clock to your Apple IIc computer. Program Line Editor was a god-send. couleur 1 bit (monochrome) en 560×192, 6 couleurs en 280×192, couleur 4 bit (16 couleurs) en 140×192, Processeur : MOS Technology 65C02 8 bit à 1,024, Affichage : 24×80 caractères. The miniassembler allowed you to enter short machine language programs using the standard 6502 mnemonics instead of entering the program byte by byte in the monitor. Apple never had an assembly source code listing for Wozniak’s Integer BASIC. Suivi par 16 personnes. This was eliminated in later board r… (The RF modulator allowed a user to attach the Apple to a standard television receiver, instead of requiring the purchase of an expensive computer monitor.) The general layout of the Apple II memory is as follows: The memory space on the Apple II between $C000 and $CFFF was assigned to handle input and output. Les slots d'extensions qui permettaient à n'importe quelle carte de prendre le contrôle du bus ont permis le démarrage d'une industrie indépendante de fabrication de cartes. The BASIC, which we shipped with the first Apple II’s, was never assembled – ever. L'Apple II avait une architecture principalement 8 bits, et diffère complètement des Apple Macintosh introduits en 1984 (voir la chronologie informatique pour avoir les dates de sortie des modèles de la famille Apple II - l'Apple II de 1977, le II plus, IIe, IIc et IIGS). modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata. From $C000 to $C0FF the space was reserved for various soft-switches used to control the display, and various built-in I/O devices, such as the keyboard, paddles, annunciators, and the cassette port. To understand the memory layout of the Apple II, consider this analogy: Imagine a cabinet with sixteen shelves, and sixteen separate slots or pigeonholes on each shelf (similar to those found in old roll-top desks). Ainsi le II et le II+ furent généralement écrits « ][ » et « ][+ », le IIe et le IIc s’écrivaient « //e » et « //c », aussi bien sur les manuels que les machines elles-mêmes. Log in or register to post comments . Ensuite viendra l'Apple IIe (e pour enhanced [« amélioré »]), une version à coût réduit, qui utilisait de nouvelles puces pour diminuer le nombre total de composants. La partie du nom en « II » était successivement écrite en utilisant une multitude de moyens graphiques et de symboles de ponctuation. Etant bricoleur dans lâme, il ne peut concevo… Celui-ci était destiné aux hommes d'affaires et n'a jamais percé sur le marché, essentiellement pour des raisons de fiabilité (il avait été conçu pour fonctionner sans ventilateur afin de ne pas créer de nuisances sonores, mais les bombages et débombages thermiques de cartes finissaient par nuire à la qualité des contacts). Elle ajoutait un clavier numérique et avait une couleur de boîtier différente des autres versions du IIe. Often, code on a card would be written to hit this memory location before trying to use it, to be sure it had been disabled from the last card that used that space. Il sacrifiait ainsi la rapidité d'exécution des calculs sur les nombres entiers, mais en contrepartie, permettait aux utilisateurs de basculer rapidement entre les langages BASIC entier et virgule flottante. The system passed all RAM … [10], Other features that Wozniak (and Allen Baum, who helped him with the project) included in the Apple II ROMs included the terminal software to do screen text display, expanded Monitor functionality, and cassette input/output routines. I had designed it in hardware. (Years later Spergel estimated that he had sold about four hundred thousand Sup’R’Mods.) It is one of the seminal inventions of the last 200 years of human history, alongside the lightbulb, telephone, telegraph, airplane and transistor. Cela a réduit de manière significative le coût général pour les utilisateurs à domicile. Il y a actuellement un mouvement pour convaincre les propriétaires de copyright de logiciels Apple II d'autoriser officiellement la distribution libre et sans restriction de leurs logiciels. Outre son génie pour concevoir un matériel attrayant, Wozniak a déployé des trésors dastuce afin de maintenir les prix les plus bas. Le membre suivant (et le plus puissant) de la famille était l'Apple IIGS (Graphic & Sound), sorti en septembre 1986. LApple II possède 4 Ko de RAM pouvant être étendus à 48 Ko ; il est propulsé par un processeur MOS Technology 6502 à 1 Mhz, et ses programmes sont stockés sur cassettes. Later revisions added a color killer circuit to prevent color fringing when the computer was in text mode, as well as modifications to improve the reliability of cassette I/O. Cependant, en raison de sa compacité, l'Apple IIc était limité dans ses extensions. The Apple IIc was the first Apple II to use the 65C02 low-power variant of the 6502 processor, and featured a built-in 5.25-inch floppy drive and 128 KB RAM, with a built-in disk controller that could control external drives, composite video (NTSC or PAL), serial interfaces for modem and printer, and a port usable by either a joystick or mouse. Wozniak knew from his experience with computers at Hewlett-Packard that computer users would always find something to fill those extra slots, and insisted that they keep the number at eight.[4]. These are for the most part, compatible with either the ROM 00/01 or 3 motherboards, with some exception on early Applied Engineering IIgs Specific cards prior to Rev. They had been in business since 1964, making keyboards for cash registers and adding machines. If, for example, you only had two other 4K RAM chips to install and you wanted to display hi-res graphics, you could strap one chip to the lower half of hi-res memory from $2000-$2FFF, and the other to the upper half of hi-res memory from $3000-$3FFF. This is cabinet “01”, and on top of that one is cabinet “02”; this continues on up until we reach cabinet “FF” way up at the top. Wozniak included an updated version of his Apple BASIC (known as Integer BASIC) in ROM. lar in feel to the popular IBM Selectric typewriter. Specially wired strapping blocks attached to the motherboard told the Apple II how much memory was present and where it was. Get the best deal for Apple 2 GB RAM Tablets from the largest online selection at eBay.com. But there’s still an active collectors’ market for used machines. Only 4 MB of the 8 MB provided by an expansion RAM card such as the RAM2GS II is DMA-compatible, and peripheral cards which use DMA are not able to access expansion memory beyond 4 MB. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Ceci a également aidé les concepteurs de logiciels propriétaires de manière que les médias sur lesquels les applications sont enregistrées soient difficilement copiables en utilisant des tours tels que changer le formatage de bas niveau des secteurs ou même faire un saut à la tête de lecture entre les pistes. Offline . Il sacrifiait ainsi la rapidité d'exécution des calculs sur les nombres entiers, mais en contrepartie, permettait aux utilisateurs de basculer rapidement entre les langages BASIC entier et virgule flottante. It wasn’t planned, it was just accidental… Obviously you need paddles, so I had to scratch my head and design a simple minimum-chip paddle circuit, and put on some paddles. A key for RESET was added, the arrow keys were added just above the right shift key, and the RETURN key was wid- ened. I spent the weekend going through the manual and trying out every function possible. According to the 1981 edition of the Apple II Reference Manual, the Apple could have memory in the following sizes: 4K, 8K, 12K,16K, 20K, 24K, 32K, 36K, or a full 48K. L'ajout de la carte de langage permettait également l'utilisation de compilateurs Pascal et Fortran 77 d'UCSD, sortis pour Apple à ce moment-là. Wozniak’s friend Allen Baum helped code additional enhancements to his built-in ROM routines. Steve Wozniak a été cité disant que l'Apple /// eut un taux d'échec de 100 %. La carte contrôleur avait très peu de matériel, se fondant sur des boucles de synchronisation logicielle à la place d'utiliser un codage nécessaire. So, a lot of these features that really made the Apple II stand out in its day came from a game, and the fun features that were built in were only to do one pet project, which was to program a BASIC version of Breakout and show it off at the club.[1]. The sixteenth row is row “F”, the rightmost slot in that row is slot “F”, and the address of that slot is $FF. Find Apple Ram in Electronics | Visit Kijiji Classifieds to buy, sell, or trade almost anything! L'Apple II (parfois orthographié Apple ][ ou Apple //) est l'un des premiers ordinateurs personnels au monde fabriqué à grande échelle[1]. On the motherboard were two empty sockets that were available for the user to plug in their own ROM chips. Il succède à l'Apple I, qui était une machine construite artisanalement et vendue aux amateurs. Apple continua à vendre et soutenir le IIGS jusqu'en 1992-1993, en grande partie à cause de son utilisation dans les écoles. L'Apple II terminera sa longue vie, embarqué dans la gamme Macintosh LC qui accueille un slot permettant d'insérer une carte d'émulation Apple II. Each item was originally copy protected (i.e. Last seen: 1 day 3 hours ago . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. As for keyboard layout, it was modeled after the keyboard on the classic Teletype model ASR-33. The Monitor also in- corporated the cassette input/output routines, since the hardware supporting that was included in the Apple II. Il y avait également une carte 6809 avec laquelle on pourrait faire tourner OS-9 Level One. general storage area, up to the top three rows (from $3D0 through $3FF) which are used by the disk operating system and the firmware for pointers to internal routines. Apple stopped selling the Apple IIe in late 1993, giving the Apple II line an amazing 16-year run. Apple II RAM Cards Apple IIgs. It is completely useless to Integer BASIC, of course, but disk files being what they are, Apple had to fill that space with something. Apple II's printed circuit board(PCB) underwent several revisions, as Steve Wozniak made modifications to it. [2] Since 16K RAM chips cost about $500 when Wozniak designed the Apple II, not many users could afford them. In the Apple-1 days, when Apple was supplying software “free or at minimal charge”, Wozniak and Baum published an early version of their 6502 disassembler in a hacker’s magazine. Since the 6502 processor could address a total of 64K of memory, he designed the computer with the ability to use either 4K RAM chips, or the newer (and more expensive) 16K RAM chips. used by the Apple II firmware as an input buffer when using the keyboard from BASIC, or when a program uses any of the firmware input routines. | Browse our daily deals for even more savings! I have never found any info about the first Apple II factory or assembly line. Il possédait 48 ko de mémoire, extensible à 64 ko via une carte langage, et ajoutait l'utilisation d'une arithmétique à virgule flottante dans la ROM (précédemment disponible comme mise à jour). Apple II was the first viable home computer. This early code was quite similar to the disassembler that was later included in the Apple II ROM.[11]. La version européenne (fabriquée en Irlande) s'est nommée Apple II europlus et la version Japonaise Apple II J-Plus . x He ran a small company (called M&R Electronics) that specialized in obtaining hard-to-get parts that electronics and computer hackers wanted for their projects. nécessaire]. Apple IIGS Apple II ram card. Naturellement, l'économiseur d'écran fait un peu plus que montrer un écran déformé d'une manière intéressante. Because Pixar and the iXxx products are more recent, most of the reminiscing is about Steve Jobs’ later work. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». 6 couleurs en 280×192, couleur 4 bit en 40×48, Slots d'extension : 8 ports propriétaires, Affichage : 24×40 caractères. If the program repeatedly entered the beginning of the loop without hitting the NEXT statement, it would eventually cause a crash. Distribute This Page: Bookmark & Share The Apple Macintosh II features a 16 MHz 68020 processor, a 68881 FPU, 1 MB or 4 MB of RAM, a 40 MB or an 80 MB hard drive, and the option of an Apple Macintosh II video card in a large, easy-to-open desktop case. But POKE is actually safe to use on soft-switches with a 65C02 CPU because the instruction used only does one access. How many original 4k apple ][s were sold? This was because when a memory write happens, it first reads the address, and then writes to it. L'interface de lecteur de disquettes créée par Steve Wozniak est encore considérée comme une merveille de technologie. Between $F425-$F4FB and $F63D-$F65D could be found a floating-point math package that was not used by Integer BASIC, but was available for BASIC programmers who were astute enough to figure out how it worked. The address of that slot, then, is $00. Whereas the Commodore PET and the Radio Shack TRS-80 could not easily be expanded beyond the 4K they came with, the Apple II from the beginning was designed with expansion in mind. The motherboard memory was tested using Apple-Cillin, and Apple Dealer Diagnostics programs. used by the 6502 processor for storage of information that it can access quickly. July 17, 2019 - 1:17am #1. My programs are in Integer Basic because it runs faster–I have speedup (Zip) chips in most of my computer. It had come alongside some Varian analytical chemistry equipment he was working with. It works with the Apple II or Apple II+ Plus. Code Names: Diana, LCA (Low Cost Apple). Pingback: A Survey of the Apple II Series. Slot 2 started at $C200, and so on. Par la suite, Apple ne dota pas ses premiers modèles de Macintosh d'une telle architecture ouverte. Le contrôleur a également utilisé une forme d'enregistrement de code en groupe (nibbles), qui était plus simple et plus facile à mettre en application logiciellement que le MFM, plus commun. He wanted to increase this functionality, and provided additional commands to manage bytes at specific memory locations. [8] Another error involved a FOR – NEXT loop too deeply nested (that is, having a FOR – NEXT loop within another FOR – NEXT loop). Il interprète également le langage Integer BASIC quil partage avec lApple I original, mais en lintégrant en ROM pour éviter de devoir le charger depuis une cassette. If you use a read-modify-write instruction like ROR etc, or if you use an indexed addressing mode (which POKE does) then it can generate 2 or more accesses. The reason I live in Silicon Valley today can be directly traced to the fact that in 1979 my Dad brought home for the weekend an Apple II and the Basic manual. Each card was assigned 256 bytes that were unique for the slot in which the card was plugged; that is, a card in slot 1 used $C100-$C1FF, a card in slot 2 used $C200-$C2FF, and so on, up to slot 7 using $C700-$C7FF. Required fields are marked *. Le IIGS comportait un processeur 65C816 à 2,8 MHz avec des registres 16 bits et 24-bit d'adressage, un processeur sonore Ensoniq, plus de mémoire, de meilleures couleurs, plus de périphériques (avec un contrôleur permutable entre les modèles de cartes pour IIe et IIc) dont certains compatibles avec ceux du Macintosh (clavier, souris, adaptateur réseau LocalTalk) et GS/OS, un système d'exploitation dérivé de Mac OS. The first 4K of memory always had to have RAM present, since it was used by the 6502 processor, the ROM routines, and the text screen display. nécessaire]. The memory was tested using the Apple II+ dealer diagnostics, and all tested good for both the 16k and the single 4116 memory chip that replaces the one on the motherboard. The other empty ROM socket (covering memory from $D800 to $DFFF) was never filled by Apple. Code written on a card was ordinarily written in such a way as to not make direct reference to the $Cx address, so it would work in any slot in which the card happened to be used. Production date stamp looks like 4082 and board Revision is 820-0044-C. Steve Jobs didn’t believe that anyone would ever need more than two slots, one for a printer and one possibly for a modem. Run a CPU test, a rom checksum test, ram test, speaker tone ramp, full screen color and pattern check, game port a/d check. D'autre part, le succès sur le marché à domicile a inspiré la création d'autres ordinateurs personnels peu coûteux tels le VIC-20 (1980) et le Commodore 64 (1982)[réf. {\displaystyle x} Posts: 76 . To use an assembler, they figured that somebody was going to buy this processor to use for a company, and their company can pay a few thousand dollars in time-sharing charges to use an assembler that was available in time-share. How to install a RAM upgrade in a IIGS, and why the Apple II is the BEST computer for a budding collector. En 1987, soit trois ans après le lancement de la famille des Macintosh, la famille Apple II représentait encore pour Apple plus de la moitié de ses bénéfices. However, BASIC only used the space up to $F424. Al the books end the chapter with the famous Wst Computer Faire 16 april 1977 and the problems with the plastic case, but nobody tells anything about how they began making the first 1.000 units, 10.000 units, etc. New and used items, cars, real estate, jobs, services, vacation rentals and more virtually anywhere in Ontario. In the case of toggling the speaker, storing would often produce no sound, where as loading would generate a click every time. The standard memory expansion card comes with 1024K (1Megabyte) RAM. Parmi ces clones, deux ont été produits par Apple ou sous licence Apple : il s'agit de "l'apple Dark Vador" de chez Bell & Howell et de l'ITT 2020 de chez ITT. available for use by programs, operating systems, and for hi-res graphics. STA abs accesses it once, just like LDA abs or BIT abs. Testing Ram on apple II Plus. couleur 2 bit en 640×200, couleur 8 bit en 320×200, palette de 4 096 couleurs, Lecteur disquette : 5 ¼" 143 Ko ou 3 ½" 800, Slots d'extension : 7 ports propriétaires, Ports : prise péritel, 2 ports série, port pour lecteur externe, 1 port, Processeur : MOS Technology 65C02 8 bit à 4, Affichage : 24×80 caractères. Their agreement allowed M&R to make and sell the RF modulators, while Apple could concentrate on making and selling the Apple II. Conçu par Steve Wozniak, commercialisé le 10 juin 1977 par Apple, il commence sa carrière auprès des particuliers passionnés, mais la sortie du premier tableur, VisiCalc en 1979 permit son entrée dans le monde professionnel et une augmentation très importante de ses ventes, faisant la richesse subite de la société Apple à cette époque. A collection of historical software for Apple II computers from the 1980s and early 1990s. The first available Apple II computers came standard with 4K of memory, and more could be added, to a maximum of 12K (if using the 4K chips) or 48K (if using the 16K chips). I usually verify systems by running some memory and CPU tests, like XPS Apple-Cillin and other general diagnostics. Les tests des jeux conçus pour cette puce étaient bien meilleurs sur un IIe que sur un PC ou un Mac. D'autres langages de programmation, jeux, applications et tout autre logiciel étaient disponibles sur cassettes. | Free shipping on many items! This listing is for one Apple Computer Language Card with 16K memory and Autostart ROM. We just have a lot more of them. I had never seen anything like it. [5] The increased functionality of the final code for the Monitor increased its size from 256 bytes (in the Apple-1) to 2,048 bytes (2K). Apple Macintosh II (Original) Specs. Apple produisit plus tard son premier Apple II portatif appelé Apple IIc (c pour compact)[2]. The Internet Archive Software Library is a large collection of viewable and executable software titles, ranging from commercially released products to public domain and hobbyist programs. Il possédait 48 ko de mémoire, extensible à 64 ko via une carte langage, et ajoutait l'utilisation d'une arithmétique à virgule flottante dans la ROM (précédemment disponible comme mise à jour). Wozniak stated: A lot of features of the Apple II went in because I had designed Breakout for Atari. With the $C030 soft-switch for the speaker, reading this address would cause a click on the speaker, but writing to the address would give a slightly different effect. Plus tard un lecteur de disquettes 5¼" (13 cm) externe, le Disk II, avec sa carte de contrôleur à brancher dans un des slots de l'ordinateur, a permis un stockage et une récupération des données beaucoup plus commode. It’s like telling the story of Alexander Graham Bell’s later life and forgetting to mention he invented the telephone. Sorti à la même époque, l'IBM PC bénéficia quant à lui d'une architecture ouverte, qui contribua largement à son grand succès, bien que, IBM ne parvenant pas à prévenir la création de clones, il se vit finalement éclipsé par des concurrents tels que Dell, Compaq/Hewlett-Packard, et Gateway. Just thought I would correct the old myth I see up there … writing to a soft-switch (e.g. Dans le cas de l'Apple II, le logiciel émule réellement l'affichage utilisé, ainsi l'écran semblera se contracter pendant que les blocs des textes s'allument et s'éteignent. I tried to use the RAM chips to build a RAM card for Apple IIgs computer. L'Apple II a été remplacé par l'Apple II plus, qui incluait le langage de programmation BASIC Applesoft, signé Microsoft. After Wozniak had completed design on the Apple-1, he already had in mind enhancements that would make his computer faster and more functional. He wrote it in machine language, assembling it by hand on paper: I wrote this BASIC processor, and I wrote a little ALGOL simulator and got it simulated. The Integer BASIC interpreter lived in the ROM space between $E000 and $F7FF. According to the 1981 edition of the Apple II Reference Manual, the Apple could have memory in the following sizes: 4K, 8K, 12K,16K, 20K, 24K, 32K, 36K, or a full 48K. Apple II (1977), Apple II+ (1979), Apple IIe (1983), Apple IIc (1984), Apple IIe Enhanced (1984), Apple IIgs (1986) et Apple IIc (1988). L'Apple II fut le premier ordinateur que la plupart des gens aient jamais vu : abordable pour des familles de classe moyenne, de petite taille et bénéficiant pour la première fois de logiciels utiles et utilisables par tous, il fut donc le premier ordinateur à se démocratiser. Those bytes contained filler bytes that were not used as any program code.[12],[13],[14]. As on the Apple-1, Integer BASIC on the Apple II started at $E000 in memory, and covered most of the space left until the Monitor program started at $F800. Specifications: Processor: 6502 processor running at 1.023 MHz (same as Apple I and II), later IIe's used a 65C02 processor. Il affichait enfin les lettres majuscules et minuscules et avait 64 ko de RAM extensible à 128 ko. [6], (Note: The Datanetics keyboard was uppercase only. A specific keyboard that Apple recommended to its customers was one made by Datanetics, a company based in Fountain Valley, California. This made it easier to examine and debug code, and was itself an outgrowth of the philosophy of the Homebrew Club of making all computer knowledge available to every- body. All of the Teletype remnant control code names were removed, with the exception of BELL on the G key. Wozniak added other features that he felt were important for a computer that was useful, one that he would want to own. It did absolutley nothing, so I opened the manual and wrote a basic program that looped “Hello, world.” endlessly on the screen. Elle supporta le IIe jusqu'en 1996. Apple II a mis en évidence l'importance d'une architecture ouverte[réf. The shape and printing on the key caps was almost identical to the earlier Datanetics keyboard used on the Apple-1 with some small exceptions. The $F689-$F7FC space contained Woz’s SWEET 16 interpreter. C. Apple IIgs Ram Card Examples It was apparently released on the Apple II before any other system due to Apple's rather large memory size, since the Apple II could support up to 48K of RAM. ), Ports : prise péritel, 2 ports série, port pour lecteur externe, connecteur pour souris, manette ou joystick, Processeur : MOS Technology 65C02 8 bit à 1, Affichage : 24×80 caractères. Memory Expansion Cards for the Apple IIgs will ONLY work in a IIgs Memory Expansion Slot. Le succès de l'Apple II a également amené IBM à créer l'IBM PC, qui fut alors acheté par des cadres moyens de toutes branches d'activité pour utiliser tableurs et traitements de textes (d'abord importés des versions d'Apple II, ils inspirèrent plus tard la création de nouvelles applications). Replacing the RAM in my Apple II+ has become a bit of a project in and of itself. Apple II ROM Images This is a collection of ROM files for various models of the Apple II, including the original Apple II, Apple II Plus, the Apple IIe, the enhanced Apple IIe, and the Apple IIc. Il avait à peu près la même taille que le IIc, mais le lecteur de disquette 5¼ fut remplacé par un 3½, l'alimentation à découpage était intégrée dans l'ordinateur (avec le IIc, la majeure partie de l'alimentation était dans un bloc externe), et un accélérateur intégré à 4 MHz (licence de Zip Technologies). Avant de programmer un rendez-vous, vérifiez que le fournisseur de services agréé Apple en question propose un service de mise à niveau de la mémoire. souhaitée], qui grâce à leur faible coût, ont permis l'introduction d'ordinateurs dans plusieurs millions de foyers (entamant ainsi les parts de marché d'Apple)[réf. Je ne sais pas si elle fonctionne. As for keyboard layout, it was modeled after the keyboard on the classic Teletype model ASR-33. There was one handwritten copy, all handwritten, all hand-assembled. Il était d'ailleurs préférable d'avoir aussi une carte 80 colonnes. It allowed anyone to view the 6502 code that any program used, and matched the philosophy of the Homebrew Club of making all computer knowledge available to everybody. Apple II - 1986. It was designed to be loaded in memory on the Apple-1 from $800 to $9D8 and the routine could be executed from the monitor. For security, use of Google's reCAPTCHA service is required which is subject to the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. In discussing the memory map on the Apple II, we can refer to pages of memory with a hexadecimal two-digit number for shorthand if we wish. (A soft-switch is simply a memory location that, when a number is stored there, changes something in the computer–such as switching on graphics mode.) Il utilisait le processeur 65C02 (mise à jour du 6502) et comportait des contrôleurs intégrés pour des périphériques communs tels que les unités de disques, les modems, etc., qui précédemment exigeaient des cartes additionnelles. The top shelf is row “0”, and the leftmost slot in that row is slot “0”. Your email address will not be published. We then go down to the next row, (row “1”), and the addresses continue in the same fashion with $10, $11, $12, and so on as before. APPLE MACINTOSH II Si IISi , 16Mo Ram 4go HD SCSI Coprocesseur réseau Adap VGA. Joined: Jun 3 2019 - 21:23 .
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